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MAULANA MAZHARUL HAQUE ARABIC AND PERSIAN UNIVERSITY Maulana Mazharul Haque Arabic And Persian University (MMHAPU) Patna was established under the provisions of the Bihar State Universities Act. 1976. The cyan, green and red emblem of the university has a plaque with rising sun above flowing waters supported by two palm trees and crested its motto in Arabic ‘طلب العلم فريضة’ meaning ‘Seeking Knowledge is an Obligation’. It is circumscribed by its name in Arabic and Devanagari in green and cyan. At the bottom, on a banner its year of establishment is written. The rising sun symbolises light, universal prosperity and path for growth; the palm trees symbolise peace, abundance and victory and the flowing waters denote passage of time and life.

ALIAH UNIVERSITY Aliah University is a State University under the Department of Minority Affairs and Madrasah Education, Government of West Bengal – came into existence through the Aliah University Act (Act XXVII of 2007) passed by the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. Through the Aliah University Act 2007, Section 3 (3), it has been conferred the status of a minority educational institution. The emblem of the university has an open book supporting a palm tree and crescent moon placed in a circle with a green outline. It is ensconced in a border with its name inscribed in Arabic,Bengali and English. There is a decorative border circumscribing this and below this its motto is written in Arabic ‘النهوض بالتعليم والثقافة’ meaning ‘Advancement of Education and Culture’ on a white banner. The English version of the motto is written below the banner. The moon and the palm tree symbolise the land of Islam and the open book symbolises knowledge, wisdom and education.

DECCAN COLLEGE, POSTGRADUATE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE The Deccan College, Postgraduate and Research Institute (DCPRI), Pune is the third oldest educational Institute in India. The Hindoo College was started on October 6, 1821 by the Bombay Presidency Government at the initiative of its Governor, Mountstuart Elphinstone by using the Dakshina Fund, which was started by Khanderao Dabhade, a Maratha Sardar and continued by the Peshwas for propagating Sanskrit studies. It was renamed as the Poona College on June 7, 1851 and later as the Deccan College in October 1864. It was reopened on August 17, 1939 as Deccan College. On March 5, 1990, it became a Deemed to be University. The emblem of the university is an oblong panel with a range of mountains topped by a sun with a face supported by six palm trees all symbolising the geography of the location of the university. Above these there is a flask with open palm and an insect on each side of it signifying the science faculties of the unive

ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY Aligarh Muslim University grew out of the work of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. Raja Jai Kishan helped Sir Syed in establishing the university. The British decision to replace the use of Persian in 1842 for government employment and as the language of Courts of Law caused deep anxiety among Muslims of the sub-continent. His purpose for the establishment of the Scientific Society in 1864, in Aligarh. Sir Syed's son, Syed Mahmood, who was an alumnus of Cambridge prepared a proposal for an independent university to the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College Fund Committee upon his return from England in 1872. Syed Mahmood continued to work along with his father in founding the college. By 1920 the college was transformed into the Aligarh Muslim University. The green circular emblem of AMU has a palm tree supported by a crescent and an open book. These are circumscribed by the name of the university and place. It has has a circular border which carries the motto i