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SRI AUROBINDO INTERNATIONAL CENTRE OF EDUCATION Sri Aurobindo International Centre of Education, an integral part of Sri Aurobindo Ashram, serves as a field of experiment and research in education. To give a concrete shape to his vision, the Mother opened a school for children on December 2, 1943. Since then, the school has continued to grow and experiment on various educational problems and issues. In 1959, the Mother decided to rename it ‘Sri Aurobindo International Centre of Education’. The symbol of Sri Aurobindo International Centre of Education is described as “The effective manifestation of Ishwara and Ishwari in union.”

UNIFIED PAYMENTS INTERFACE Unified Payments Interface (UPI) was developed by the National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI) under the guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India. UPI is based on the Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) platform, which offers better security than other payment methods wherein details like credit card numbers etc., are sent. While using UPI, only a Virtual Payment Address (VPA) is used, whereas all the other details remain hidden. The UPI logo depicts a fast forward button in tricolour of the Indian Flag, which symbolises a fast method of payment.

BHARAT INTERFACE FOR MONEY  Developed by the National Payments Corporation of India, BHIM (Bharat Interface for Money) is a Mobile Payment App that uses Unified Payments Interface (UPI) to process payments. Its is named after Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar and it was launched on December 30, 2016. It enables e-payments directly through banks, thereby encouraging cashless transactions. The logo for BHIM is a word mark comprising of text,  used along with a graphical element denoting fast forward in tricolour of Indian flag.

MY GOVERNMENT My Government (MyGov) is an innovative platform to build a partnership between the government and citizens by harnessing technology, thereby fostering the growth and development of India. Various contests, discussions, talks, etc., are organised through this portal to promote people’s participation, which helps bring the government closer to the common man through a healthy exchange of ideas wherein people and experts interact with each other. The logo for My Government is a word mark logo comprising of text in vibrant colours. The logo is in bilingual form wherein 'मेरी सरकार' is written in Devanagari.

150 YEARS OF CELEBRATING MAHATMA In 2019, the nation has celebrated 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, a man who inspired all to fight against colonial rule. Born on October 2, 1869, the Father of the Nation is known for his struggles for non-violence, equality and freedom. The logo for this occasion is comprising of motif of the Charkha, an outlined abstract picture of Mahatma Gandhi and the word mark '150 years of celebrating Mahatma'. The charkha is integrated with the number of years of birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.

SWATCH BHARAT ABHIYAN Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) or Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) is a nation-wide campaign launched by the Government of India on October 2, 2014, the 145th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. The mission aimed for open-defecation free India by October 2, 2019, along with cleaning up of the streets, roads and infrastructure of Indian cities, towns, urban and rural areas. Shri Anant Khasbardar of Kolhapur, Maharashtra has designed the logo while Bhagyasri Sheth of Rajkot, Gujarat provided the tagline in Devanagari 'एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर' meaning 'Step Towards a Clean India'. Spectacles of Mahatma Gandhi with its bridge in the tricolour signifies, the nation uniting to achieve the vision of Mahatma for a clean India.

DIGITAL INDIA CORPORATION Envisioning the transformation of India to a digitally empowered nation in the field of technology, Digital India Corporation (DIC)is a national campaign launched by the Government of India to ensure the government’s services are made available to citizens electronically. This involves augmenting e-Governance services by improving online infrastructure and increasing Internet connectivity. The logo was designed by an individual whose name is Rana Bhowmik. The Digital India Corporation's mission was to represent the new generation, reflect the speed of the digital era and the flavour of India. The logo successfully combines 'D' and 'I' with the colours of the National Flag.

SRI AUROBINDO Sri Aurobindo was born in Calcutta on August 15, 1872. At the age of seven he was taken to England and he studied at St. Paul's School, London and at King's College, Cambridge. Returning to India in 1893, he worked for the Princely State of Baroda and as a professor in Baroda College. In 1906, after the Partition of Bengal, he became one of the leaders of the Nationalist movement. He was the first political leader in India to put forward the idea of complete independence for the country. He had begun the practice of Yoga in 1905 in Baroda. In 1910 he withdrew from politics and went to Pondicherry and devoted himself to his inner spiritual life and work. During his forty years there he evolved a new method of spiritual practice - the Integral Yoga. In 1926, along with his spiritual collaborator, the Mother, he founded the Sri Aurobindo Ashram. Sri Aurobindo left his body on December 5, 1950.  The symbol of Sri Aurobindo has two intersecting triangles. The descendin

THE MOTHER The Mother was born Mirra Alfassa in Paris on February 21, 1878. A pupil at the Academie Julian, she became an accomplished artist, pianist and writer. Interested in occultism, she visited Tlemcen, Algeria, in 1905 and l906 to study with the Max Theon and his wife. Her primary interest, however, was spiritual development. In 1914 the Mother voyaged to Pondicherry to meet Sri Aurobindo, whom she at once recognised as the one who for many years had inwardly guided her spiritual development. After a stay of eleven months she was obliged to return to France due to the outbreak of the First World War. In April 1920 the Mother rejoined Sri Aurobindo in Pondicherry. When the Sri Aurobindo Ashram was formed in November 1926, Sri Aurobindo entrusted its full material and spiritual charge to the Mother. In 1952 she established Sri Aurobindo International Centre of Education and in 1968 an international township, Auroville. The Mother left her body on November 17, 1973. The symb

ANANDA MARGA  Ananda Marga is a global spiritual and social service organization founded in 1955 by Shrii Shrii Anandamurti (Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar) with a mission of self-realization (individual emancipation) and service to humanity (collective welfare): the fulfillment of the physical, mental and spiritual needs of all people. Ananda means ‘bliss’ and Marga means ‘path’. The spiritual philosophy of Ananda Marga recognizes that God is one and that the universe is the creation of His mental thought-waves. The emblem or pratik of Anand Marg movement emphasises social service along with yoga and meditation. The symbol consists of an upward pointing triangle representing one's external actions (social service); a downward pointing triangle symbolizing one's internal work (meditation, self-realization);  a rising sun symbolizing spiritual progress through the balance of external and internal efforts and a swastika representing fulfillment or one's ultimate spiritual goal.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR KRISHNA CONSCIOUSNESS The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) belongs to the Gaudiya Vaishnava smapradaya, a monotheistic tradition within Vedic or Hindu culture. It is based on the Bhagavad Gita, the spiritual teachings spoken by Lord Krishna. ISKCON traces its spiritual lineage directly to the speaker of the sacred book, Lord Krishna, who is revered as the Supreme Personality of Godhead. In the 15th century, a saint named Chaitanya Mahaprabhu revitalized the bhakti-yoga tradition by introducing an expansive spiritual movement that swept India. Central to this renaissance was Chaitanya’s emphasis on the chanting of Krishna’s name. The ISKCON logo is made up of  a lotus, holding a tilak of this sect, the acronym ISKCON supported by two horizontal bars and the registration symbol.

RAMAKRISHNA ORDER  Ramakrishna Math is a monastic organization for men brought into existence by Sri Ramakrishna (1836-1886), the great nineteenth century saint of Bengal who is regarded as the Prophet of the modern age. It was founded by Sri Ramakrishna's chief apostle, Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902). The emblem of the Order was designed by him. It is a symbol of harmony and synthesis for reverential meditation. The swan represents the Atman which one tries to realize one's real Self to be free of all limitations, all bondages, all littleness. The meaning of this emblem is as stated by Vivekananda. The wavy waters in the picture are symbolic of Karma, the lotus of Bhakti and the rising-sun of Jnana. The encircling serpent is indicative of Yoga and awakened Kunadalini Shakti, while the swan in the picture stands for Paramatman. Therefore, the ideal of the picture is that by the union of Karma, Jnana, Bhakti and Yoga, the vision of the Paramatmam is obtained”. The motto of the Or

EMBLEM OF CHANDIGARH Chandigarh  is a Union Territory of India, that serves as the capital of two states, Haryana and Punjab. The name means ‘The Fort of Chandi’ and was coined from an ancient temple called Chandi Mandir, devoted to the Hindu Goddess Chandi, present in the city's vicinity. It is also referred to as The City Beautiful. The emblem of Chandigarh shows an open hand, designed by Le Corbusier, the main architect of Chandigarh. The seal shows this emblem on an orange background and is surrounded with the legend 'Chandigarh Administration' in black Devanagari and English .

EMBLEM OF LAKSHADWEEP The archipelago of Lakshadweep is the tiniest Union Territory of India consists of twelve atolls, three reefs and five submerged banks. It is an uni-district Union Territory with an area of 32 square kilometre comprising ten inhabited islands, seventeen uninhabited islands attached islets, four newly formed islets and five submerged reefs. The inhabited islands are Kavaratti, Agatti, Amini, Kadmat, Kiltan, Chetlat, Bitra, Andrott, Kalpeni and Minicoy. Bitra is the smallest of all having only a population of 271 persons and Bangaram is the uninhabited island. The emblem of Lakshadweep shows the Dharma Chakra, supported by two coral fish and crested by a coconut palm-tree. Below is a banner in the name of the territory and in the colours of the national flag.

EMBLEM OF SIKKIM Sikkim joined the Indian Union on May 16, 1975. The emblem of the State of Sikkim is based on Buddhist elements. The lotus or ‘padma’ is a symbol of purity is a symbol of the attainment of enlightenment. The conch shell or ‘sankha’ is the symbol of the spoken word. It is also one of the symbols Vishnu has in his hands. The conch shell symbolizes religious power. The dragon - ‘druk’ symbolises renewal and transformation and it is the symbol of the Chinese Emperor. A couple of dragons mean that the symbol enclosed is of the ruler. Thus it can be interpreted as 'The Government of the Enlightened Religious Leader'.

EMBLEM OF PUNJAB  Maharaja Ranjit Singh was the remarkable leader who united the whole Punjab under one flag. His rule stretched from the banks of the Yamuna to the Khyber and from Kashmir to Multan. The emblem of Punjab state government shows the Asoka Capital and its motto, being the emblem of India, surrounded by a bordure charged in chief with an ear of rice and in base with two swords in saltire and on the dexter and sinister the words ‘पंजाब सरकार’ in Devanagari and 'ਪੰਜਾਬ ਸਰਕਾਰ' in Gurmukhii. Below the seal is a ribbon with the title 'Govt. Punjab'. The emblem is tinctured orange.

EMBLEM OF NAGALAND The State of Nagaland was formally inaugurated on December 1, 1963, as the sixteenth State of the Indian Union. It is bounded by Assam in the west, Myanmar on the east, Arunachal Pradesh and part of Assam on the north and Manipur in the south. The state consists of seven administrative districts, inhabited by 16 major tribes along with other sub-tribes. Each tribe is distinct in character from the other in terms of customs, language and dress. The red and green emblem or seal of Nagaland consists of a bull statant proper in a hilly landscape with a legend 'Unity - Government of Nagaland. It is supposed that the seal replaced the older Asoka-capital, common for most of the Indian states, in 2005. The seal shows a gaur (Bos gaurus - Bovidae), the largest species of wild cattle. The domesticated form of the gaur is called gayal or mithun. The Gaur occurs as a supporter in many achievements of the former princely states of India.

EMBLEM OF MANIPUR The State of Manipur is situated at the extreme border of  northeast India. It is bordered by Assam in the west, Nagaland in the north, Mizoram in the south and Myanmar in the east. Manipur is divided into nine districts. Documented history of Manipur begins with the reign of King Pakhangba (1665-’96) when the seven clans of the Manipuri society were unified. After the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824-1826) Burma had to cede it. It came under British rule as a princely state in 1891. Manipur was the last kingdom to be incorporated into British India. The state symbol or emblem of Manipur is a Kanglasha - Nongsaba, i.e. half lion and half dragon. It strongly resembles the Burmese Sar Mayee (long haired ox) and the Chinese Qilin (dragon-horse or unicorn).

EMBLEM OF WEST BENGAL The emblem consists of a circle depicting a globe with the state of West Bengal highlighted by a representation of the Bengali alphabet 'পশ্চিমবঙ্গ সরকার'. The National Emblem of India appears above the globe and the emblem includes the name of the state in the English. The central element of the emblem was also used by the Biswa Bangla campaign to promote sale of traditional West Bengali handicrafts and textiles. The current emblem was designed by Mamata Banerjee, the Chief Minister of the state and was officially adopted in January 2018. This logo, known as ‘Banglarmukh’ or Face of Bengal, depicted a female face surround by a red veil.

EMBLEM OF MEGHALAYA The state emblem consists of mountain peaks representing Khasi, Jaintia and Garo hills with clouds, alluding with the State’s name ‘abode of clouds’; three monoliths representing three tribes; a ‘wangala’ festival drum and a pair of ‘rikgitok’ and ‘paila’ beaded necklaces; which is topped by the name ‘Government of Megahlaya’. This vibrant coloured emblem was formally unveiled by Metbah Lyngdoh, the Assembly Speaker during the golden jubilee celebrations of statehood on January 21, 2022. This was selected through an open competition amongst the citizens of the state. The design submitted by Mario Pathaw on December 23, 2021. The state Cabinet examined the design on January 11 and again on January 17 after which the approval was give on January 19 2022.

EMBLEM OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR The Jammu and Kashmir  state comprises three distinct well marked regions namely the Province of Jammu, the Valley of Kashmir and the frontier region of Gilgit, Baltistan and Ladakh. The State is bounded by Tadzhikistan, China, Afghanistan and Pakistan. The emblem consists of arms azure in colour, three barrulets argent for the three districts of the state, a chief wavy argent, a lotus flower issuant proper and two traditional ploughs per border, handles in chief with garland, ears of wheat and name 'Jammu & Kashmir' in white lettering on a red ribbon. This emblem was adopted when Jammu & Kashmir became a republic on  November 17, 1952. The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, reconstituted the former state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories, one being Jammu and Kashmir and the other being Ladakh, with effect from October 31, 2019. Subsequent to reorganisation this emblem may undergo revision.

EMBLEM OF HIMACHAL PRADESH  Himachal Pradesh became a territory of the Indian Republic on April, 14 1948. It was composed of 21 princely states: Baghal, Baghat, Balsan, Busharh, Bhaji, Bija, Chamba, Darkoti, Dhami, Jubbal, Keonthal, Kumarsin, Kunihar, Kuthar, Mahlog, Mandi, Mangal, Sangri, Sirmur, Suket and Tarog and dependencies. The former Princely State of Bilaspur was added to the Territory on July 1, 1954. By Punjab Reorganisation Act of November 1, 1966 Himachal Pradesh was given the status of state. The state of Himachal Pradesh has an emblem consisting of a mountain ridge over three white fesses, charged with the Ashoka capital. In base is the name of the state in Devanagari. A mountain ridge is a common symbol for the territory in this State. Sometimes a screen showing a mountain ridge was displayed behind the throne of the ruler like in Korea and Vietnam. A mountain ridge is also a part of the achievement of Tibet and in today´s India, in the emblem of Arunachal Prades

EMBLEM OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH Arunachal Pradesh is the easternmost state of India. This part of the Himalayas, containing the sources of the Brahmaputra. On its territory the North East Frontier Agency - NEFA was created in 1954. This Agency administrated until 1972 as a part of Assam. In 1972 Arunachal Pradesh became a Territory of the Union. It was given the status of a State in 1986. The emblem of the state shows a rising sun between the two highest peaks of the country: the Komdi - 4185 metre and the Daphabum - 4578 metre. In the middle is a buffalo’s head and on both sides, as a kind of supporters, two Greater Indian Hornbills (Buceros Bicornis - Bucerotidae) the state bird of Arunachal Pradesh.In chief is the national emblem of India.

EMBLEM OF HARYANA The state of Haryana was split from Punjab state on November 1,1966. The main part of the actual state was ceded to the East India Company in 1803. In 1832 it was added to the Northwest Provinces and in 1858 to Punjab to which it belonged until 1966. In the centre of the state the Principality of Jind was located. The emblem of Haryana shows a sun and a lotus-flower rising from a lake. The title of the emblem is 'Government of Haryana'. It is surrounded by a garland of ears of wheat and has the national symbol with motto of the Indian Republic as a crest.

EMBLEM OF GOA  The emblem of Goa State has been designed taking into consideration all the varied and rich facets of Goa’s rich cultural heritage rooted in the national ethos. Its abundant scenic beauty, the bounties conferred on it by nature and the significant progress achieved by its diligent and amiable people in the post liberation era under a democratic and popularly elected regime. The ‘Vriksha Deep’ the unique Goan traditional lamp depicts enlightenment through knowledge. A circular stylized design of coconut leaves symbolizing the bountiful and beautiful Goan nature at the same time suggesting the radiation of sunrays - the source of light and energy - surrounds the inset in a halo of suggestive glory. The outer circle is formed partly by a Sanskrit sholka ‘सर्वे भद्राणि पश्यन्तु मा कश्चिद् दुःखमाप्नुयात्’ meaning ‘May All be Well and None Suffer any Pain’ (1.4.14, Brihadaranyaka Upanishad) and the wording ‘Government of Goa’ at the base. The global circle, which sugge

EMBLEM OF BIHAR In the 16th century, the Mughal emperor Akbar annexed Bihar and Bengal. With the decline of the Mughals, Bihar passed under the control of the Nawabs of Bengal. After the Battle of Buxar in1764, the British East India Company obtained the diwani rights for Bihar, Bengal and Orissa. In 1912, the province of Bihar and Orissa was made into separate provinces. The state of Jharkhand was carved out of Bihar in the year 2000. Initially Bihar used the Ashoka Capital surrounded with the title of the State as its emblem. The current emblem of Bihar shows a peepal tree rising from a socle with a text in ancient Urdu, between two swastikas. The Sacred Fig tree (Ficus religiosa - Moraceae) located in Bodh Gaya - ‘Bodhi’, also known as Bo (from the Sinhalese Bo), under which Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism is supposed to have achieved enlightenment or Bodhi. The swastikas represent Dharma, universal harmony and the balance of opposites. As such the emblem symboliz

EMBLEM OF UTTAR PRADESH Uttar Pradesh (Northern Province) was the cradle of Hindu civilization. The region is the geographical area of the Middle Land or the Madya desha from the Mahabharata and Ramayana epics. In the twelfth century AD, the valley of the Ganges was conquered by the Mughals. With the disintegration of their Empire, some governors or nawabs succeeded to gain considerable autonomy. The state emblem dates from the time of the United Provinces. It represents the confluence of the Ganges and the Jumna, symbolized by a pall wavy, between two fishes which is a Buddhist symbol signifying freedom from restraint and the life-giving properties of water which were originally symbolizing the two rivers. Between the arms of the pall there is a bow and arrow, the arms of the heroes of the Mahabharata. The emblem is similar to the ancient emblem of the last Nawabs of Awadh where fish occur in their motifs.

EMBLEM OF UTTARAKHAND Uttarakhand is formerly known as Uttaranchal and is a State in the northern part of India. It is referred to as the Land of Gods since Hinduism’s many holy temples and cities found here. Known for its natural beauty and wealth of the Himalayas, the Bhabhar and the Terai, the State was carved out of the Himalayan and adjoining north-western districts of Uttar Pradesh on November 9, 2000, becoming the twenty seventh state of the Republic of India. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region on the north, Nepal on the east and the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the north west. In January 2007, the name of the state was officially changed from Uttaranchal to Uttarakhand. The provisional capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun. The emblem of Uttarakhand shows a mountain ridge with a valley in base. In chief is the emblem of India and the blue wavy lines depicts its rivers. Below is the title of the country which was changed accordingly

EMBLEM OF JHARKHAND Jharkhand is a state in eastern India which was carved out of the southern part of Bihar state on November 15, 2000. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south and West Bengal to the east. The name ‘Jharkhand’ means ‘The Land of Forests’. The emblem consists of multiple rings, in which elephants (the state animal) in green background in the outer ring, represent strength, wildlife, royalty and rich vegetation. The middle ring showcases, Palash flowers (the state flower), which are also known as 'flames of the jungle', representing rich flora, beauty and culture. The inner ring consists of people, in the unique Jharkhandi style painting, which represents rich history and strength of social bonding. The Lion Capital of Ashoka is at the centre, with the motto Satyameva Jayate. On July 22, the new emblem was officially granted approval to be used from August 15, 2020.

EMBLEM OF CHHATTISGARH  Chhattisgarh State was formed on November 1, 2000 by partitioning sixteen Chhattisgarhi-speaking South-Eastern districts of Madhya Pradesh. Raipur is the capital of the state. Chhattisgarh is the tenth largest state in India with an area of 1,35,190 square kilometre and is the sixteenth largest state of India by population. Chhattisgarh borders the states of Madhya Pradesh on the northwest, Maharashtra on the west, Andhra Pradesh on the south, Orissaon the east, Jharkhand on the northeast and Uttar Pradesh on the north. The emblem of Chhattisgarh has an outer circle of 36 petal lotus encompassing the emblem of Government of India in a green circle which has been accosted on both sides by the leafy crest which at the bottom is supported by three wavy lines symbolising water and symbols of electricity on its left and right.

EMBLEM OF MADHYA PRADESH  Madhya Pradesh was created in 1950 from the former British Central Provinces and Berar and the princely states of Makrai and Chhattisgarh, with Nagpur as the capital of the state. The new States of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal were formed out of the Central India Agency. In 1956, the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal were merged into Madhya Pradesh and the Marathi-speaking southern region Vidarbha, which included Nagpur, was ceded to Bombay state. Bhopal became the new capital of the state. The undivided Madhya Pradesh was founded on November 1, 1956. Madhya Pradesh, in its present form, came into existence on November 1, 2000, following its bifurcation to create a new state of Chhattisgarh. The emblem of Madhya Pradesh is a target argent, a bodhi-tree vert, charged with the national emblem of India. The emblem is surrounded by a yellow border with the title of the State and the motto of India in black lettering and two st

EMBLEM OF ODISHA The state emblem of Odisha incorporates a horse which is about to be mounted by a rider. This is a reproduction of a sculpture found in the famous Sun Temple of Konark in the eastern sea coast of Odisha. This has been adapted as a state emblem by Government of Orissa. Home Department resolution dated the third August 1964 through order Number 20634-IE.-1/64-Pol. The order says “The question of adopting a separate State Emblem for this State in place of Ashoka Pillar’ was under consideration of Government. On the advice of the Sub-committee appointed by the Council of Ministers it was decided to adopt the design of the ‘Konark Horse’ symbolizing discipline, strength and progress as the State Emblem”.

EMBLEM OF TELANGANA The State emblem of Telangana has Kakatiya Kala Thoranam in the middle and the Charminar inside it and bordered in green. The emblem is a circular seal consisting of the Kakatiya Kala Thoranam and Charminar with Sarnath Sarnath Lion Capital above. It has ‘Government of Telangana’ in English, ‘Telangana Sarkar’ in Urdu and ‘Telangana Prabhutvamu’ in Telugu. Satyameva Jayate is written in Sanskrit. The emblem was designed by painter Laxman Aelay and was adopted on June 2, 2014 after the newly formed government headed by K. Chandrashekar Rao adopted it. It was the first file to be signed by him after swearing in. Subsequently, Charminar was included on the advice of Asaduddin Owaisi. Initially the national motto was written below the emblem, which was corrected on representation by Kadyans, with an amendment approved by the Government of Telangana on June 25, 2014. This was carried out by the designer, by moving the Satyameva Jayate below the Sarnath Lion Capita

EMBLEM OF MAHARASHTRA The emblem of the State of Maharashtra is a circular seal depicting a Samai Diva Lamp surrounded by 16 lotus blooms. Between the Samai lamp and lotus blossoms is a motto in Sanskrit 'प्रतिपच्चंद्रलेखेव वर्धिष्णुर्विश्व वंदिता महाराष्ट्रस्य राज्यस्य मुद्रा भद्राय राजते' ( Pratipaccandralēkhēva vardhiṣṇurviśva vanditā mahārāṣṭrasya rājyasya mudrā bhadrāya rājatē ), which translates as ‘The Glory of this Seal of the State Government of Maharashtra will Grow like the First day Moon. It will be worshipped by the world and will shine only for the well being of its people’. The motto is based on one found on the (rajmudra) ‘royal seal’ used by 17th century Maratha king Chhatrapati Shivaji, the only difference being that the name of the monarch is replaced by the name of the state.

EMBLEM OF KARNATAKA The official Emblem of Government of Karnataka in India has a red shield in the centre, charged with a white two-headed bird, ‘Ganda Berunda’ and fringed in blue. Crested above it, four red-maned, yellow lions stand back-to-back facing four directions (only three are visible) on a blue circular abacus with a blue frieze carrying sculptures in high relief of a galloping horse on the left, a Dharmachakra in centre, a bull on the right and the outlines of Dharmachakras on the extreme left and right as part of Sarnath's Ashoka Pillar. The shield is flanked on either side by red-maned, yellow lion-elephant ‘Sharabha’ supporters (mythical creatures believed to be upholders of righteousness stronger than lions and elephants) standing on a green, leafy compartment. Below the compartment the national motto of India, ‘Satyameva Jayate’, Sanskrit for ‘truth alone triumphs’ is written. This emblem is adapted from the royal emblem of Mysore and is carried on all the o